In JavaScript, call, apply, and bind are methods that allow you to control the invocation context of functions and explicitly set the value of this. The key differences between them are:

1) call Method

The call method invokes a function with a specified this value and individual arguments provided one by one.

function greet(name) {
  console.log(`Hello, ${name}! I am ${this.role}.`);
}
let person = { role: 'Developer' };
greet.call(person, 'John');

2) apply Method

Similar to call, the apply method invokes a function with a specified this value, but the arguments are passed as an array.

function greet(name, city) {
  console.log(`Hello, ${name}! I am ${this.role} from ${city}.`);
}
let person = { role: 'Developer' };
greet.apply(person, ['John', 'New York']);

3) bind Method

The bind method creates a new function with a specified this value, but it doesn’t invoke the function immediately. It returns a new function that can be invoked later.

function greet(name) {
  console.log(`Hello, ${name}! I am ${this.role}.`);
}
let person = { role: 'Developer' };
let boundGreet = greet.bind(person);
boundGreet('John');

Key Tips:

• Emphasize that all three methods are used to control the value of this in a function.
• Explain that call and apply immediately invoke the function, while bind returns a new function that can be invoked later.
• Provide examples that clearly demonstrate the usage of each method.